# Future Web Standards

## Current Standards: xhtml 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1

This site is written and validated against these standards. This particular page, however, does not validate due to the rather bleeding‐edge contents.

### xhtml

The advantages of xhtml over html 4 are its xml‐enforced regularities. This makes writing clean code much simpler, and much easier to check. There isnʼt anything to demonstrate for xhtml 1.1, as the semantics are exactly the same as html 4.01. Only the syntax is different:

• all tags have to be closed (with either a closing tag, or self‐closing <img /> <span></span>).
• all elements and attributes are in lower case.
• all attribute values must be quoted.
• inline elements must be enclosed in a block element.

Utilizing xhtml also allows for easier integration of other xml applications, such as SVG, MathML, xforms, and others. Thru the use of namespaces it is possible to embed MathML, for example, directly in the page (as is done below).

### MathML

MathML is an xml language for formatting complex formulas. Below is the quadratic equation which appears on the home page. Support for MathML is present in webkit browsers, Opera, Firefox and IE 10.

$x=\frac{-b±\sqrt{{b}^{2}-4ac}}{2a}$

### SVG

SVG is a scriptable vector based xml language. Combined with javascript and xhtml it can be used to construct a user interface (similar to Flash, for example). Fonts can also be rendered in SVG (see next section). This is a clock rendered in vector graphics, as well as a simple running man graphic. As of 2010.01 webkit has a problem with background transparency in SVG, but Firefox and Opera render them correctly.